1. This is an endgame theme, where a group of pawns cooperates to push one of the group past defending pawns.
2. The classic setting is this one:
3. 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   
4. White to play wins with 1.g6! threatening gxf7 and gxh7, when a White pawn gets through after 1...fxg6 2.h6! gxh6 3.f6 or 1...hxg6 2.f6! gxf6 3.h6!
5. A real-life example is Pomar-Cuerdas
6. Capablanca breaks through on both wings, causing the Black King to do a fatal splits

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[Event "XX"]
[Site "https://lichess.org/study/PHdicszX/9i3l7Itd"]
[Date "1990.??.??"]
[White "Pomar"]
[Black "Cuerdas [t50"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Annotator "ending: 11 practical break"]
[UTCDate "2023.09.13"]
[UTCTime "11:40:38"]
[Variant "From Position"]
[ECO "?"]
[Opening "?"]
[FEN "8/8/3K1k2/5p1p/4p1p1/4P1P1/5PP1/8 b - - 0 1"]
[SetUp "1"]

{ [#] a real-life version of the famous breakthrough }
1... f4 (1... h4 2. gxh4 f4 3. g3) (1... Kg5 2. Ke5 h4 3. gxh4+ Kxh4 4. Kxf5) 2. Kd5 (2. gxf4 h4) (2. exf4 h4 3. gxh4 (3. Kd5 h3) 3... g3 4. fxg3 e3) 2... h4 3. Kxe4 f3 (3... h3 4. gxh3 gxh3 5. Kf3) 4. gxf3 h3 { 0-1 Black wins. } (5. fxg4 h2 6. f4 h1=Q+ 7. Kd4) 0-1

[Event "Hastings"]
[Site "https://lichess.org/study/PHdicszX/4zzMBYRk"]
[Date "1919.??.??"]
[Round "8"]
[White "Capablanca, JR.."]
[Black "Conde, Adrian"]
[Result "1-0"]
[Annotator "pawns: islands"]
[UTCDate "2023.09.13"]
[UTCTime "11:16:14"]
[Variant "Standard"]
[ECO "C79"]
[Opening "Ruy Lopez: Morphy Defense, Steinitz Deferred"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O d6 6. Bxc6+ bxc6 7. d4 exd4 8. Nxd4 Be7 9. Nc3 Bd7 10. Bg5 O-O 11. Qd3 Re8 12. Rfe1 h6 13. Bh4 c5 14. Nf5 Bxf5 15. exf5 Qd7 16. h3 a5 17. Re2 Nh7 18. Bxe7 Rxe7 19. Rxe7 Qxe7 20. Nd5 Qd7 21. Re1 Re8 22. Rxe8+ Qxe8 23. Qe3 Qd7 { [#] } 24. Qe7 Qxe7 25. Nxe7+ Kf8 26. Nd5 Ke8 (26... c6 27. Nb6 Ke8 (27... d5 28. Nd7+ Ke7 29. Nxc5) 28. Nc4) 27. Nxc7+ Kd7 28. Nd5 Kc6 29. c4 Nf6 (29... Ng5 30. f3) 30. Nxf6 gxf6 31. a4 d5 32. b3 d4 33. f4 Kd6 34. g4 Ke7 35. Kf2 Kd6 36. Kf3 Ke7 37. Ke4 Kd6 38. h4 (38. g5) 38... Kd7 39. b4 (39. g5 h5 40. g6 fxg6 41. fxg6 Ke7 42. f5 Ke8 { [%cal Gb3b4] }) 39... axb4 (39... cxb4 40. Kxd4 { [%csl Gg5][%cal Gg4g5,Gc4c8] }) 40. a5 Kc7 { [%cal Ge4b4,Ge4b1,Ge4e1] } 41. g5 fxg5 42. fxg5 hxg5 43. hxg5 b3 44. Kd3 Kd7 45. g6 fxg6 46. fxg6 { 1-0 (46) Capablanca,J-Conde,A Hastings 1919 EXT 1999
[ChessBase] } 1-0